It should be mechanically robust, thermally efficient, and electromagnetically shielded. It must reliably protect the circuit board and its components from dust, moisture, vibrations, and electromagnetic interference. Additionally, it should offer versatile mounting options, such as top-hat rail or wall mounting, while ensuring easy accessibility for maintenance or interface use.

The choice depends on the application, environment, and EMC requirements.

• Aluminum offers excellent heat dissipation, high stability, and good EMC protection.

• Plastic is ideal for lightweight, cost-effective, and electrically insulating solutions.

• Stainless steel is ideal for harsh industrial environments with high hygiene requirements.

A well-thought-out design promotes passive and active cooling. Elements such as ribs, ventilation slots, and integrated heat sinks help dissipate heat efficiently. In fanless systems, in particular, thermal coupling between the components and the housing is essential for preventing overheating.